Sokaraja

Sokaraja is a small town, about 9 miles southeast town of Purwokerto, Banyumas. People familiar with the city as a typical hawker center Banyumasan, chips and fried getuk. Since the mid 80's, this city is already overdo closely with the epithet as the city chips and getuk city. In fact, this nickname was not excessive because protol 1.5 kilometers along the road which divides the city's west and east, lined with dozens of stalls offering a striking nameplate trade mark respectively. Every weekend night, would often found dozens of inter-city buses and private cars lined up along the roadside, waiting for passengers who are shopping for souvenirs of this unique snack.

Sokaraja cleaved by the river (Kali Pelus) right in the middle, that separates the city into the northern (Sokara lor times) and southern (south Sokaraja times). Village Sokaraja Lor and Sokaraja Wetan north Pelus time more than the agricultural character of the village Sokaraja Kidul, Kulon on the south central and more patterned city. Center focuses on industry and commerce throughout the four-segment protocol Sokaraja road connecting with other cities and regions coincide exactly in belalakang settlements lined the store / kiosk. Meanwhile, paddy fields forming the outer circle surrounding the city Sokaraja in eight directions of the compass.
Sokaraja is the center of urban settlement and the first commercially developed in the region Banyumas. The city is the first district which received capital injections Netherlands in the early enactment of forced cultivation time (1840-1870). It is said that the story, choosing Sokaraja much influenced by the collaboration of local authorities Sokaraja time
(Tumenggung Jayadireja) with Dutch kumpeni at Diponegoro War (1825-1830). While other regions have not yet moved from the geographical isolation and subsistence agriculture, Sokaraja've got an abundance of physical development such as railroads, bridges, markets, irrigation canals, and highways. In short, sugar became the dominant economic mode in this region up to its bankruptcy after the end of the world depression of the 1920s. Weathered old building Kalibagor Sugar Mill (500 meters south of the city), established in 1839 is witness of the triumph of sugar in the local economy over the span of a century Sokaraja.

To an outsider, may indeed overdo Sokaraja closely with getuk and chips. But for the natives, Sokaraja have more colorful history with a different nickname for each period. Various nicknames were a sign of changing economic activity. Between 1930-1960, Sokaraja known as the city of batik. From the beginning of New Order until the late 80s, the city was known by the nickname of paintings and ceramics town. Getuk fries and chips only marks the latest development of economic activities of its inhabitants. Whether nickname what else will appear after this.
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BEGALAN

Begalan is a tradition in the area Banyumas performed in a series of wedding ceremonies, where this tradition started when the prospective groom and his entourage entered the court house of the bride. This tradition is held when the bridegroom is the eldest son of a family.
What is interesting is the dialogues between the robbeded (who was robbed) by the hijacker (robbers) usually contain criticism and advice for prospective brides and delivered with a humorous style full of humor. Begalan is a combination of dance and speech arts or art of comedy with accompaniment “gising”.

The uniqueness of this tradition stems from its name, namely begalan. In terms of Java and tradition, says robber or mugger has a negative connotation even indicate tense atmosphere that can make the trauma for victims. However, terms that are offered by community Banyumas begalan precisely the terms under the symbol full of meaning, both religious (in relation to God), as well as a symbol of human relations. Tradition is what makes a meaningfull begalan tradition still not cracked the shift and the development of the era. Existence is still strong in areas in Banyumas.

Begalan be one of the most popular traditions and attract the attention of people in Banyumas in addition to the tradition of "Kenthongan". Begalan event is a fusion of dance with "verbal speech" as part of the wedding ceremony. That is when the group of the groom entered the bride's courtyard area. The tools used were the kitchen appliances as luggage. Each luggage especially this kitchen tool has a symbolic meaning in accordance with the philosophy of Java, especially Java Banyumasan. Equipment that becomes the default instance: ilir (fan), ian, cething (basket), steamer, strainer waste, winnowing, sorokan, centhong, siwur, Irus, Kendhil, karo wangkring, and others.

Begalan contains advice for the bride and the bride in the ship sailed home. Begalan is often flavored with fresh jokes-jokes relating to the relationship between men and women. In the philosophy of community Banyumas who is not his property but “bajang dibegal sawane” (blessing) of parents wedding. There are two dancers (male and “pancer” brother of groom), one charge of carrying kitchenware others served as a harrier (robbers). Harrier usually carry a wooden sword. Costume players is quite simple, they generally wear Java. Dialogue is delivered both players in the form of the symbol language that was translated from the names of the items taken. Usually, after the show, which brought the kitchen equipment is given to the audience as a bone of contention.

Begalan has many meanings and symbols. The symbols are used is more likely closer to life and the gods as a regulator of the universe. However, many actors who then provide advice primarily to the interpretation as both the bride and the bridegroom. In other words, begalan can be used as a means of “propaganda”, a means of giving advice to the bride bride and groom both. There are some symbols, such as stingrays, siwur, packet, and others. The symbol "rays" can be understood that human beings should and should follow “watake” rays (the nature of rice). When the young man "nyungap", when you're old "mungkul". That is, if young people do goodness while there is still times and strength, if you are old “tawadhuk”. In this case, advice to the bridal couple to perform five occasions before coming five narrow-mindedness, as manifested in religious teachings.

"Siwur", meaning when it is content it should be "mawur". If already there is an excess provision, then immediately to charity. Man, there are "takere dewe-dewe" (a measure of its own), and man is his era, there was a time. "Taker" so the rank and degree. Likewise when giving science also have "takere dewe-dewe".
As with the "packet" or "steam", is kirata language meaning "mengku sepisan". We recommend that when someone get married intend to preserve his marriage, by doing "serawungan" or socially good. Do not be too often become a bride. It is nice to be a bride, but do not take it easy for a bride.

Source: from various articles and books
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Wong Banyumas (Banyumasan)

People Banyumas better known as Banyumasan. This term to describe the people with the characteristic of "Banyumasan" means not only people who live in areas Banyumas Culture Banyumasan just because it covers areas outside Banyumas.
Based on the history compiled from various sources, mainly from wikipedia Basa Banyumasan Banyumasan that reveal the history of the original version written in Banyumasan and Simple Bahasa Indonesian, more or less like this story ....

Based on these sources said that the people Banyumasan ancestors came from East Kutai area prior to the period of the Hindu Kingdom of Kutai, the alias is still pre-Hindu era. Based on the record of Van der Meulen, then these migrants entered the land of Java, long before the 3rd century Masehi landed in Cirebon, then go into the interior. Most settled in the vicinity of Mount Cermai and partly to continue the journey and settled in the vicinity of Mount Slamet and Serayu River Valley.
Immigrants who settled around Mount Cermai further develop the Sunda civilization while immigrants who settled in the vicinity of Mount Slamet later founded the kingdom of Ancient Galuh.

Galuh Ancient Kingdom established on Mount Slamet has been described is the first kingdom in Central Java and his descendants would become the ruler of the kingdoms in Java.
Galuh Ancient Kingdom was founded around the 1st century Masehi on Mount Slamet, growing up to the 6th century Masehi, with small kingdoms with names Galuh front. Among others, the kingdom:
• Royal Galuh Rahyang locations in Bradford, the capital of Medang Pangramesan
• Royal Galuh Kalangon locations in Roban, the capital of Medang Pangramesan
• Royal Galuh Lalean locations in Cilacap, the capital of Medang Kamulan
• Royal Galuh Tanduran Pananjung locations in the capital in Bagolo
• Royal Galuh Kumara locations in Tegal, the capital of Medangkamulyan
• Royal Galuh Pataka Nanggalacah locations in the capital at Pataka
• Nagara Galuh Middle Kingdom Cineam locations in the capital in Bojonglopang
• Royal Galuh Imbanagara locations in Barunay (Pabuaran), capital of the Imbanagara
• Kingdom of Kalinga Galuh locations in Bojong, the capital of Karangkamulyan
Galuh Ancient Kingdom has a fairly wide territory, ranging from Indramayu, Cirebon, Brebes, Tegal, Pemalang, Bumiayu, Banyumas, Cilacap, Purbalingga, Banjarnegara, Kebumen, Kedu, Kulonprogo and Purwodadi.

Based on the inscriptions Bogor, because the prestige of the kingdom of Ancient Galuh decline overshadowed Dynasti Syilendra in Central Java, which began to flourish, then the capital of the kingdom of Ancient Galuh moved to Kawali (near Garut) and then called the Kingdom of Galuh Kawali.
At that time in the eastern region to grow the kingdom of Kalinga which supposedly is a continuation of the Kingdom of Kalinga Galuh a Galuh Ancient Kingdom in the region.

While in the Kingdom of developing the western region which is a continuation of Tarumanegara Salakanegara kingdom.
During Purnawarman became King Tarumanegara, royal Galuh Tarumanegara Kawali become subordinate kingdom. At the time Tarumanegara kingdom ruled by King Candrawarman subordinate Tarumanegara get his power back including Galuh Kawali. During Tarumanegara under the reign of King Tarusbawa, Wretikandayun King Galuh Kawali secession (independence) from Tarumanegara and received support from the kingdom of Kalinga, and then became the Kingdom Galuh with the central government in the Banjar Pataruman. This Galuh kingdom which later developed into the Kingdom of Pajajaran in West Java.

Though in its development Ancient Kingdom Galuh evolved into the Kingdom of the Kalinga in Central Java and West Java Galuh, Ancient Galuh descendant relationship can stay in touch with the good and marriage occur between the Kingdom so that they appear Sanjaya Dynasty, who then has the descendant of kings in Java.
Area Galuh Ancient Kingdom before moving to Kawali have a fairly wide territory, ranging from Indramayu, Cirebon, Brebes, Tegal, Pemalang, Bumiayu, Banyumas, Cilacap, Purbalingga, Banjarnegara, Kebumen, Kedu, Kulonprogo and Purwodadi.
Based on the study conducted by EM language Uhlenbeck, 1964, in his book: "A Critical Survey of Studies on the Languages of Java and Madura", The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, the language used by the "Ancient Galuh descent" into the Genetic Bases Kulon part of Java that include: Sub-Dialects Lor Banten, Cirebon dialect Sub / Indramayu, Sub Dialect moor, Sub Dialect Banyumas, Sub Dialect Bumiayu (transitional moor with Banyumas), dialect group is commonly called the Java language or languages ngapak Ngapak-Banyumasan.

If we see from this history, the information that the development of civilization Banyumasan already grown so long before the days of the Majapahit Kingdom. This means that civilization and culture is very old Banyumasan language long before the Islamic Mataram Kingdom which later split into the Surakarta and Yogyakarta.
Banyumas term itself came long after the Ancient Kingdom of Galuh namely when Raden Jaka Kaiman build Duchy Center in Forest Mangli Kejawar precisely at the end of the kingdom of Mataram Kingdom Pajang before Islam appeared. Please read the Tree Copper and Origins Banyumas.

At the time of the Sultanate of Demak (1478 - 1546), Banyumasan region consists of several Duchy, including the Duchy of Pasirluhur with Adipatinya Many Belanak, also Duchy Wirasaba with Duke Mr. Wargo Utomo I. The extent of the power of the Sultanate of Demak make Trenggono Sultan (Sultan of Demak to III) feel the need to have a strong army, to the regions of the Sultanate of Demak was in the military is divided into several regional military command. For the Western region, Sultan Trenggono lift Duke Many Belanak as the Western Defense Command Region with regional coverage includes up to the mountain Kerawang Cleft (Wonosobo). As one of the Sultanate of Demak War Commander, Duke was awarded the title of Prince Senopati Pasirluhur Mangkubumi I whereas sister named Wirakencana appointed Patih.

After the death of Sultan Trenggono, Demak Sultanate split into 3 parts, one of which is governed by Joko Pajang Tingkir and hold Adiwijaya Sultan (1546-1587). At this time, most of the Banyumasan region, including the power Pajang.
Following the policy of his predecessor, Sultan Adiwijaya Duke also lift Pasirluhur who was held Wirakencana, became the title of Prince Senopati Pajang Mangkubumi II. Meanwhile, Duke of the Duchy Wirasaba, Mr. Wargo Utomo I died and one of his sons (son-in-law) named Raden Joko Kaiman Adiwijaya be appointed by the Sultan with the title of Duke Wirasaba Mr. Wargo Utomo II, he became Duke of Wirasaba to VII.
Toward the end of the glory of the kingdom Pajang and began the founding of the kingdom of Mataram (1587), Mr. Wargo Utomo II Duke of the Duchy Wirasaba hand over power to his brothers, while he himself chose to form new Duchy Duchy Banyumas name and he became the first Duke with the title of Duke Marapat.

Furthermore, the Duchy is a fast growing Banyumas, telebih after the center moved to Sudagaran Kadipatennya - Banyumas, the influence of power-Duchy Duchy of other causes has narrowed. Along with the development of the Kingdom of Mataram, Duchy Banyumasan-Duchy in the region was subject to the power of Mataram.
The power of Mataram on-Duchy Duchy Banyumasan region does not automatically enter Banyumasan region into the "inner circle" of power Mataram so-Duchy Duchy Banyumasan region still has the autonomy and resident of Mataram was called the region as a region Worldwide Banyumasan Kulon.

Before the Dutch came in, the area referred to as regions Worldwide Banyumasan Kulon with a range of areas including, among Bagelen (Purworejo) until Majenang (Cilacap). Called Abroad Kulon since that time the government center is located in the region or regions of Surakarta wetan.
Starting on June 22, 1830, the region is politically Worldwide Kulon entry under Dutch colonial government control, that was the beginning of Dutch colonialism, as well as the end of the occupation of the Mataram kingdom on earth Banyumasan. Furthermore, the Duke in the Banyumasan region was no longer subject to the King of Mataram, they then selected and appointed by the Governor-General of the Netherlands and selected from among the indigenous population, generally the sons or close relatives last Duke.

Governments in the region governed by the Constitution Nederland Banyumasan which in Article 62 paragraph 2 states that the general government in the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) made by the Governor General on behalf of the Dutch kingdom. Governor General is the chief executive has the right to appoint and dismiss officials in the Dutch East Indies, including the Adipatinya. At that time the Governor General is Johannes Graaf van den Bosch (January 16, 1830 - July 2, 1833).
Efforts to control the Duke is actually for the Dutch easily mobilize people to be employed in the Dutch-owned plantations are better known by the forced cultivation. Preparation of the establishment of Dutch colonial rule in the region conducted by the Resident of Pekalongan Banyumasan named Hallewijn. Hallewijn Banyumasan arrived in the region on June 13, 1830 with the primary task of preparing for civil governance in the region Banyumasan. He is assisted among others by Vitalis as administrator also Captain Not as commander of troops.

September 20, 1830, Hallewijn give general report his work to the Commissioner General of the Kingdom of the De Kock in Sokaraja, among the contents of the report is about the scope Banyumasan region that includes (from east): Kebumen, Banjar (Banjarnegara), Panjer, Dad, Prabalingga ( Purbalingga), Banyumas, Kroya, Adireja, Patikraja, Purwakerta (Navan), Ajibarang, Karangpucung, Sidareja, Majenang to Daiyoe-loehoer (Dayeuhluhur), including therein the lands fief (the Parties) as Donan and Kapungloo. At a meeting in Sokaraja was finally inaugurated the establishment of residency of Banyumas which covers most foreign territory west, the next date of 1 November 1830 de Sturler inaugurated as the first Resident Banyumas.
On December 18, 1830 through the Governor-General JG Beslit van den Bosch, Residency Banyumas expanded with the inclusion of District Karangkobar (Banjarnegara), Nusakambangan island, Madura (formerly including Cirebon region) and Karangsari (formerly including Tegal region).

To streamline the running of the government, the Dutch colonial government on August 22, 1831 form 4 Regentschap (district) in the area of residency of Banyumas namely, Banyumas, Ajibarang, Daiyoe-loehoer and Prabalingga, each headed by a Regent native. In addition, Resident de Sturler also made changes spelling of names and formation Afdeling structure that serves as an assistant resident in each district.
Among those experiencing the change of name is Prabalingga be Poerbalingga, Daiyoe-Loehoer become Dayoehloehoer and Banjar become Banjarnegara, subsequently expanded to include areas Banjarnegara Karangkobar District, statusnyapun upgraded to a district.

Afdeling formation include, County and District Dayoehloehoer Afdeling Ajibarang into one that is Afdeling Ajibarang with capital Ajibarang and DA Varkevisser was appointed as Assistant Resident in Ajibarang as well as a "companion" Ajibarang Mertadiredja II Regent and Regent Dayoehloehoer R. Tmg. Prawiranegara. Three other districts namely Banyumas, Banjarnegara Purbalingga and each has its own Afdeling.
Banyumasan region is an area that includes eight districts namely: Kebumen, Cilacap District, Brebes, Tegal regency, regency Pemalang, Banjarnegara District, Purbalingga and Banyumas.

Banyumasan culture has its own characteristics that are different from other regions in Central Java, although the roots are still the Javanese culture. It is strongly associated with the character of a highly egalitarian society without knowing the term royal or aristocratic. This is also reflected in the language of Banyumasan language which basically do not know the level of social status. The use of subtle language (kromo) is basically an intense absorption due to interaction with other Java community (wetanan) and this is a society's ability Banyumasan in appreciating foreign cultures. Respect for older people are generally displayed in the form of respect, affection and good manners in the act. It is inevitable that the influence of feudalism but it seems it is not an original character Banyumasan community. In addition egalitarian society Banyumasan known to have a personality that honest and forthright or so-called Cablaka / Blakasuta.
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The Origin of BANYUMAS

At first glance this tree looks like a normal tree, and yet if we look more closely and carefully, directly tree has yellowish brown color typical metal like copper. This tree is an "inscription" living history Banyumas, because according to the Chronicle and Banyumas historical story, from this point milestone of commencement or beginning construction of Banyumas. This tree is located in an area that was first built as the government center in the forest Banyumas Mangli Kejawar area and is now located in the Village Kalisube, Grumbul Mangli, District Banyumas.

Place the beginning of government and Banyumas name.
According to research, forest area Mangli Kejawar is the first place built government center Duke Wargo Oetomo II (Djoko Kahiman / Duke Mrapat) after leaving Wirasaba.
Based on the story which is also believed to society, he received “wisik” to go somewhere Copper tree growth. In the forest tree Mangli Copper is found in question, at east of the meeting rivers and streams Pasinggangan Banyumas. Then begin to build this place as a center funded by the government with Kyai Mranggi Semu in Kejawar.

When was rushing to build the government center, happened at that time there was a large piece of wood floating in the river Serayu. The tree was named “Kayu Mas” tree examined originated from the village of Karangjambu (Sub Kejobong, Bukateja, Purbalinga District), now the east Wirasaba. Oddly timber suspended in the river near the construction site Serayu center of government. Duke Marapat touched his heart to see the events, then be willing to take it to be a Diamond Wood “Saka Guru”. Because it's called Timber wood Mas (Kayu Mas) and washed away (banyu), the central government that built it and then given the name Banyumas (a blend of water (banyu) and Kayu Mas).

Brief history of Raden Djoko Kahiman (Duke Marapat)
Raden Djoko Kahiman or Semangoen is the son of Raden Duke Harjo Banjaksosro dari Pasir Luhur who since childhood nurtured and taken foster children by Kyai and Nyai Mranggi Semoe in Kejawar. Kyai Mranggi real name is Kyai Sambarta and Nyai Mranggi is Nyai Ngaisah.
After that, Raden Djoko Kahiman then devoted himself to the Duke Wirasaba named Duke Wargo Oetomo I and eventually Raden Djoko Kahiman became law Bupati Wargo Oetomo I, married to his eldest daughter named Rara Kartimah.
Once Duke got the command of Sultan Wirasaba to dedicate one of his daughters to be “garwa ampean”. By The Duke offered his youngest daughter is named Rara Soekartijah, who in childhood had an arranged marriage with his brother's son Ki Ageng Tojareka, but after the adult Rara Soekartijah refused to settle down and divorced before the assembly.

Ki Ageng Tojareka hurt then make defamation that caused the wrath of the Sultan Pajang and ordered Gandek to kill the Duke Wirasaba on the way home without some research first. But when examined, Sultan very fault, and then ordered Gandek II to follow Gandek earlier scrapped plans to kill the Duke of Wargo Oetomo I, but it was too late. Place of occurrence in Bener Village, the Duke of Wargo Oetomo I also known as Duke Sedo Bener, while he was in pasarehan Pakiringan cemetery, east of the city of Banyumas, now entering territory Purworejo Klampok.

Sultan Pajang regret later called the son of Duke Wirasaba decreed that overlooks the Sultanate Pajang, but all the sons of Wargo Oetomo I do not have the courage to face, at last with heroic and patriotic spirit because the assumption would be killed, too, went Raden Djoko Kahiman facing Sultan Pajang. Unexpectedly Raden Djoko Kahiman even Wirasaba VII appointed the Duke with a bachelor Duke Wargo Oetomo II to replace Wargo Oetomo I that have died because of a misunderstanding. Sultan Pajang provides all the wisdom of the Duchy Wirasaba to Wargo Oetomo II.
With the greatness of his soul Duke Wargo Oetomo II do not want selfish (mukti sendiri), because he was the son-in-law, then ask the blessing for the region are allowed to share power Wirasaba into 4 regions.

According to the results of research and seminars, day, date, month, year Djoko Kahiman be lifted Raden Wirasaba VII, who holds Wargo Oetomo II is: Friday (Jum’at Pon), dated 12 Rabiul Awal `990 H coincides with the beginning date of 6 April 1582 M
Upon returning from Pajang then Djoko Kahiman Raden which had been made Duke of Wirasaba VII, he divided his territory into four, namely:
1. Banjar given to Ngabehi Wirojoedo aquaculture.
2. Merden given to Ngabehi Wirokoesoemo.
3. Wirasaba given to Ngabehi Wargowidjojo.
4. While he gave up back to Kejawar with the intention of the government is starting to build a new center.
Based on historical research established Anniversary Banyumas is Kliwon Friday, the 12th of Rabi `H coincides with the beginning of 990 6 April 1582 M.

source: Sejarah Banyumas, wikipedia indonesia
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